After the bomb explosion, shell will be broke into a large number of high speed fragments scattering around and form the fragment field. Through the analysis of the scattering characteristics of explosion fragments, we propose a simulation model for the visual simulation of scattering fragments which is based on the particle system. In our simulation model, we use qualitative and quantitative analysis and adopt the model with random particle scattering instead of the fluid model with explosive physical process. The characteristics of explosion fragments such as mass, direction, speed, distributing etc. are analyzed in order to establish the distribution model of particle system. In addition, we also research the collision detection between the gunnery target and fragments, and analyze the corresponding geometric deformation of the hitting target. At last we generate computer animation to demonstrate the explosive effects using rendering methods with OpenGL. The realistic characteristics of fragment dispersion will be reflected by controlling the particle properties in the simulation experiment. The experiment results show that this method can present the real-time operation and possess perfect simulation effects, and can meet the needs of various explosive simulations.